Leff and Scott

Leff discusses the idea of what rhetoric is. He explains the previous views of rhetoric including the neo-Aristotelian and neo-Sophistic views. Lett contrasts the two views of the neo-Aristotelians and the neo-sophists as they define rhetoric. Neo-Aristotelians call rhetoric a "process confined within some larger domain from which it draws its substance" yet neo-sophists deem rhetoric as the "unbounded action of process itself". Both believe that rhetoric is a process, therefore the conclusion is unimportant, as long as one successfully follows the correct process of rhetoric. Also, it is important to note that rhetoric is not contained in any particular field; it can be used outside of politics. Rhetoric is fixed like stars in a relative sense. Rhetoric will always retain its intention to persuade, yet the way and to what its strategies are applied does alter.
Toulmin argument to determine what is certain now and what was certain at a different time, flows as follow. Anne is Jack’s sisterAll Jack’s sisters have red hair.So Anne has red hair. Toulmin that this is only certain if you are looking at all Jack’s sisters.